Living with a disability can significantly affect your ability to work and maintain financial stability. Whether you’re dealing with a temporary condition or a lasting impairment, it’s important to understand the two main types of disability benefits available: short-term and long-term disability. Knowing the difference can help you choose the right option, gather necessary documentation, and avoid costly delays or denials.
Understanding Short-Term Disability Benefits
Short-term disability (STD) insurance is designed to replace a portion of your income if you are temporarily unable to work due to a medical condition. This benefit typically kicks in after a short waiting period (usually 1-2 weeks) and lasts for a limited time, generally between 3 to 6 months.
Common Qualifying Conditions:
- Recovery from surgery
- Temporary injuries (e.g., broken limbs)
- Pregnancy and childbirth
- Acute illnesses such as pneumonia or severe infections
Eligible survivors include:
- Often offered through employer-sponsored plans
- Benefits typically cover 50% to 70% of your regular income
- Medical documentation is required to support the claim
What Is Long-Term Disability Insurance?
Long-term disability (LTD) provides income replacement if a medical condition prevents you from working for an extended period—usually beyond six months. LTD benefits are particularly important for individuals with chronic or permanent disabilities that limit their ability to maintain employment.
Common Qualifying Conditions:
- Musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., back problems, arthritis)
- Mental health disorders (e.g., depression, PTSD)
- Neurological conditions (e.g., multiple sclerosis, epilepsy)
- Cancer
Key Features:
- May be part of employer benefits or obtained privately
- Benefits can last years or until retirement age
- Strict medical and vocational evidence required
Main Differences Between Short-Term and Long-Term Disability
| Feature | Short-Term Disability | Long-Term Disability |
|---|---|---|
| Coverage Duration | 3–6 months | Years or until retirement |
| Waiting Period | 0–14 days | 90+ days |
| Income Replacement | 50–70% | 50–60% |
| Eligibility | Temporary medical issues | Chronic or permanent conditions |
Can You Have Both?
Yes. Many people use short-term disability as a bridge until long-term disability kicks in. It’s important to coordinate both types of coverage to ensure uninterrupted income if your condition persists.
When to Apply for SSDI Instead
If your disability is expected to last at least 12 months or result in death, you may also qualify for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI). Unlike STD or LTD, SSDI is a federal benefit program managed by the Social Security Administration (SSA).
Related Guide: How to Apply for SSDI in California
Why Legal Help Matters
Disability insurance policies can be complex. Denials are common, especially if your documentation is lacking or if the insurer disputes the severity of your condition. An experienced disability attorney can:
- Review your policy terms
- Help you gather supporting medical evidence
- Represent you in appeals or hearings
Get Help Navigating Your Disability Benefits
At the Peña & Bromberg, we’re dedicated to helping individuals understand and secure the benefits they need. Whether you’re exploring short-term disability, long-term disability, or applying for SSDI, our team can guide you through the process.
